I tested this issue on two different Windows PCs, across three browsers(chrome, firefox, edge) and two Chinese IMEs, including Microsoft Pinyin and Sogou Pinyin. The problem is consistently reproducible.
Chinese can be displayed in Speaker Notes, but it cannot be typed directly in the Speaker Notes editor. This appears to be a Chinese IME composition compatibility issue specific to Speaker Notes.
Please investigate Chinese/CJK IME support for the Speaker Notes editor. I can provide a screen recording and the document link if needed.